Understanding the role of language in society is crucial, as changes in the social and political environment significantly impact language ecology. This article examines the current language policy in Georgia, discussing language and its role in society from three perspectives: as a challenge, as a resource, and through the lens of linguistic rights. During the Soviet period, knowing Russian and receiving an education in Russian were widely regarded as prestigious and not controversial for most Georgians. However, after the fall of the Soviet Union and Georgia’s regaining of its independence, the status of Georgian as the state language was strengthened, and a special interest in European languages emerged. A partial shift has been observed after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as many migrants from the Russian Federation entered Georgia. According to Georgia’s language policy, languages of education are a central focus. Here, two specific cases pose particular challenges: (1) The significant influx of Russian-speaking citizens into Georgia following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. (2) While Georgian legislation formally applies to Abkhazia, the region remains de facto outside the control of Georgian authorities. Georgian children in Abkhazia are no longer taught in Georgian. Instead, they receive instruction not in Abkhazian but in Russian.