In the era of industry 4.0 and industry 5.0, the integration of Big Data Analytics (BDA) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies into sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is poised to enhance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. This survey provides an in-depth look at the current research landscape, covering key applications, challenges, and emerging trends. BDA permits decision-makers to obtain predicative insights through rapid simulations, while DTs create digital replicas of physical supply chain processes in real-time. Together, these technologies form a powerful synergy, enabling organizations to optimize operations, mitigate risks, and drive sustainability like never before. However, despite their potential, the technical complexity of AI-driven systems, along with integration challenges and high adoption costs, remains a significant barrier for businesses. The main goal of this study is to combine recent advancements, identify critical research gaps, and describe future research trends that emphasize the transformative role of BDA and DTs in creating sustainable and resilient supply chains. By providing key insights, this paper aims to support researchers and practitioners in leveraging these technologies to address pressing supply chain challenges and unlock new opportunities for sustainable innovation.