After presenting the major questions to be answered by the book, the first part of the chapter sets the stage by discussing the operational definition for “feminist” penality policy and important contextual factors for penality policy across the globe. Next, the chapter identifies in detail the gaps in current research on gender equality policy and gender in prisons that this book as a whole seeks to close. These gaps include an asymmetry between research on the Global North and South, the failure of gender and policy work to see penality policy as a sector of gender equality policy, and of gender and criminology scholarship to take a policy-oriented approach. The third section turns to a discussion of the methodological approach and framework for both the ten case studies in nine countries and the closing comparative analysis. The last section previews the major aspects of each of the ten policy cases to provide a comparative overview and to foreshadow the surprising results that countries in the Global North are not always the leaders in this new arena of feminist government action.