Urban resilience and sustainable development are central to addressing rapid urbanisation and escalating climate risks. This chapter unpacks resilience as a multidimensional social, economic, physical, institutional, and environmental concept while situating it within broader sustainability discourses. It explores vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and the resilience–sustainability nexus, stressing their importance for urban systems in the Global South. Global frameworks such as SDG 11 and the New Urban Agenda are critically assessed, exposing Northern biases and operational challenges in informal contexts. By foregrounding community-led planning, indigenous knowledge, and hybrid governance, the chapter advances pathways for contextualised resilience. It positions Southern African cities as key arenas for innovative, risk-informed approaches to sustainable urban development.