The prerequisite for ejection rescue is the clearance of the ejection path, with cockpit canopy jettisoning being a crucial method for path clearance. Research on the shock waves produced during jettisoning is essential for protecting pilot auditory organs. Ground-based experiments on canopy jettisoning were designed, obtaining pressure data from dummy ears using shock wave testing equipment. Auditory organ injury safety limits were calculated based on sound pressure pulse width and national standards, employing the VMD and Hilbert transform (VMD-HT) to analyze time-frequency characteristics of canopy jettisoning shock waves. The results indicate that shock wave energy is concentrated in low frequency region under 5 kHz, lasting no more than 5 ms. Current pilot helmets meet the protection requirements against canopy jettisoning shock waves, yet improvements based on the shock waves’ time-frequency characteristics are recommended.