This paper aims to explore the innovation of teaching models under the background of big data, realize accurate learning situation analysis in English courses, take students as the main body to grasp and archive students' learning situation, and rely on data analysis to formulate teaching strategies for each individual student, so as to achieve accurate learning assistance and effectively improve teachers' classroom teaching efficiency. In addition, this paper uses K-Means clustering algorithm for data processing. Based on the characteristics of students' sources, learning behavior characteristics, and learning results characteristics, this model uses artificial intelligence and big data technology to describe and label students and construct learner portraits. The analysis results show that there is a correlation between the average score of homework and the average score of in-class tests and learning effects to varying degrees. Therefore, it is necessary to identify common problems of students based on the results of the learning situation analysis and adjust the teaching design to meet the current learning needs of students.