The Matabeleland Provinces, North and South, contain 98 known Zimbabwe-type settlements, of which 29 are described in this chapter. Khami, located just outside Bulawayo, is the largest in the region and second only to Great Zimbabwe. Key clusters occur in the Insiza District and near river systems such as the Gwai-Shangani (north) and Limpopo (south). The semi-arid environment supports cattle farming, aided by sweetveld grasses and mopane leaves, though historically threatened by tsetse flies. The area’s archaeological record reflects the Torwa and later the Changamire Rozvi states (c. 1400–1830). The Torwa, likely kin to the Mutapa, ruled from Khami and were recorded by the Portuguese as the rulers of Butua. Their succession was marked by political upheavals, eventually giving way to the Changamire Rozvi around 1683. The Rozvi maintained elaborate stone-building traditions at sites like Danamombe and Naletale and ruled a constellation of royal towns in the Insiza cluster.