The Smart Grid’s Promise examines the challenges of modernizing electric grids to accommodate the rapid expansion of decarbonized power generation, plus electrifying the transportation, heating, and other economic sectors. Smart grids will make expansive use of digital sensors, data acquisition, and control systems and artificial intelligence in implementing the following: demand management, peak shaving, load shifting, distributed energy sources for electric vehicles, remote monitoring of transmission and distribution lines for congestion control and rapid fault response, household smart metering, and appliance control. The chapter concludes by describing hybrid generation systems simultaneously producing electricity, hydrogen, and process heat.