This chapter uses the case of cosmetic surgery to highlight the relationship between beauty and inequality. The beauty ideals advanced by cosmetic surgery historically reflected dominant beauty norms, but have expanded and proliferated over time. In particular, while cosmetic surgery was once exclusively limited to wealthy elites, it has grown in popularity and accessibility worldwide in recent decades. Building on past work that has analyzed cosmetic surgery as promoting conventional femininity, this chapter also addresses how cosmetic surgery ideals specify ideal forms of masculinity, class status, race, and nationality. I present some findings from my research on cosmetic surgery in the U.S. and Asia that illustrate how the globalization of cosmetic surgery upholds social inequalities along the lines of gender, race, and class, while offering some potential to subvert other types of inequality. Looking forward, I call for more research that compares cosmetic surgery cross-nationally to yield further insights about beauty and inequality.