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This chapter evaluates the performance of major digital platforms from 2012 to 2021 using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). By decomposing productivity changes into technical efficiency and technological progress, the study investigates how digital platforms generate and sustain profitability over time. Drawing on financial data for eight global firms—Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Netflix, Spotify, and Twitter—the analysis highlights significant heterogeneity in performance dynamics. Results show that while firms like Google and Amazon exhibit strong productivity gains through both technological innovation and improved resource use, others, such as Spotify, display persistent inefficiencies and declining productivity. Twitter, notably, records the highest average MPI, driven by early-stage improvements. The findings underscore the importance of balancing technological advancement with operational efficiency to maintain competitiveness. The MPI approach proves valuable in capturing firm-specific evolution in digital platform economies and provides useful insights for policymakers, managers, and investors aiming to foster sustainable growth in this sector.

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The Economy of Digital Platforms: A Performance Analysis from 2012 to 2021

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Massimiliano Agovino,
  • Massimiliano Cerciello,
  • Aniello Ferraro,
  • Antonio Garofalo,
  • Katia Marchesano

摘要

This chapter evaluates the performance of major digital platforms from 2012 to 2021 using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). By decomposing productivity changes into technical efficiency and technological progress, the study investigates how digital platforms generate and sustain profitability over time. Drawing on financial data for eight global firms—Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Netflix, Spotify, and Twitter—the analysis highlights significant heterogeneity in performance dynamics. Results show that while firms like Google and Amazon exhibit strong productivity gains through both technological innovation and improved resource use, others, such as Spotify, display persistent inefficiencies and declining productivity. Twitter, notably, records the highest average MPI, driven by early-stage improvements. The findings underscore the importance of balancing technological advancement with operational efficiency to maintain competitiveness. The MPI approach proves valuable in capturing firm-specific evolution in digital platform economies and provides useful insights for policymakers, managers, and investors aiming to foster sustainable growth in this sector.