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The unprecedented growth in population and the consequential spike in energy demand have certainly emerged as challenges towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) in India. SDG 7 is focussed on universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. Therefore, generation and supply of affordable energy from sustainable sources is the need of the hour for India to cater to its ever-expanding energy demand whilst minimising detrimental impact on the environment. The dependency on fossil fuels is a major obstacle in the pursuit of sustainable energy. On the other hand, systemic barriers present in the country continue to hinder the efforts by public and private entities to harness energy from renewable sources like solar, wind, and biomass. Land acquisition conflicts, financial constraints, lack of skilled labour, inadequate infrastructure, and climatic factors serve as major hurdles for the sustainable energy sector in India. Nevertheless, over the past decades, the Indian government has passed bills, launched numerous missions, and set up dedicated institutions focused on technological growth, renewable energy production, and supply implementation. As a result, significant improvements in land allocation, labour skill development, and subsidies have aided private entrepreneurs on the policy level. Despite the notable progress, providing universal access to affordable clean energy remains a challenge. Hence, further policy reforms to encourage community engagements, public-private partnerships, and international collaborations are necessary to effectively address the challenges effectively in the present critical juncture of energy transition. Tapping the vast potential of renewable sources is imperative for India to fulfil its energy demand and play a pivotal role in advancing global sustainability objectives. Developing a comprehensive and inclusive strategy is essential for reshaping India’s energy landscape and realising Sustainable Development Goal 7. In this regard, the chapter highlights the present challenges, current status, and the road ahead for India in the renewable energy scenario, as well as the aspects of policies, technology, and implementation hindrances.

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Roadblocks to Sustainable Energy: Challenges in the Indian Pursuit of SDG 7

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • R. Karthikeyan,
  • Sreenivasa Murty Dasari,
  • Nainesh Patel,
  • Rohan Pascal Fernandes

摘要

The unprecedented growth in population and the consequential spike in energy demand have certainly emerged as challenges towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) in India. SDG 7 is focussed on universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. Therefore, generation and supply of affordable energy from sustainable sources is the need of the hour for India to cater to its ever-expanding energy demand whilst minimising detrimental impact on the environment. The dependency on fossil fuels is a major obstacle in the pursuit of sustainable energy. On the other hand, systemic barriers present in the country continue to hinder the efforts by public and private entities to harness energy from renewable sources like solar, wind, and biomass. Land acquisition conflicts, financial constraints, lack of skilled labour, inadequate infrastructure, and climatic factors serve as major hurdles for the sustainable energy sector in India. Nevertheless, over the past decades, the Indian government has passed bills, launched numerous missions, and set up dedicated institutions focused on technological growth, renewable energy production, and supply implementation. As a result, significant improvements in land allocation, labour skill development, and subsidies have aided private entrepreneurs on the policy level. Despite the notable progress, providing universal access to affordable clean energy remains a challenge. Hence, further policy reforms to encourage community engagements, public-private partnerships, and international collaborations are necessary to effectively address the challenges effectively in the present critical juncture of energy transition. Tapping the vast potential of renewable sources is imperative for India to fulfil its energy demand and play a pivotal role in advancing global sustainability objectives. Developing a comprehensive and inclusive strategy is essential for reshaping India’s energy landscape and realising Sustainable Development Goal 7. In this regard, the chapter highlights the present challenges, current status, and the road ahead for India in the renewable energy scenario, as well as the aspects of policies, technology, and implementation hindrances.