To preserve ecological security and encourage socio-economic development, a quantitative study on the distribution features and changing patterns of soil erosion is crucial. We conducted a systematic analysis of the regional and temporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion and its driving mechanism in Fanchang between 1990 and 2022, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and trend analysis. The results demonstrated that (1) the mean soil erosion modulus value dropped dramatically from the start of 513.48 t/km2·a to 232.61 t/km2·a, with an overall fluctuating downward trend. The intensity of soil erosion in the study area over the previous 30 years was dominated by slight and mild erosion; (2) in terms of spatial analysis, 71.27% of the area showed a significant decrease in soil erosion, with a slight decrease accounting for 20.54%, and only 4.07% of the area showed an increasing trend. High-intensity erosion is concentrated in the southern part of Digang, the northeastern part of Fanyang, and other hilly and mountainous areas; (3) the land use type of the dynamic response to soil erosion is significant, impermeable surfaces, bare ground, and cropland and other types of erosion intensified, and the trend of reduction is more pronounced for the woodland and grassland. The study demonstrates that regional soil erosion features can be precisely determined using RUSLE.