The study of coastal landscape changes and ecological risk assessment is of great importance for optimizing ecological planning and promoting ecological environmental protection. Based on 1990 and 2023 land cover data, the Landscape Pattern Index was used to study landscape pattern changes and conduct ecological risk assessment. The results show that: (1) the land cover of the coastal zone of Peninsular Malaysia is mainly forest land. The land cover changes in the past 30 years are mainly manifested in the reduction of forest land, wetland and barren area, and the increase of construction land area. (2) The overall ecological risk of the landscape is relatively stable, and the risk level is mainly low risk and relatively low risk. The ecological risk of the west coast is higher than that of the east coast and the vulnerability of the landscape is more obvious. (3) The spatial distribution and aggregation of landscape ecological risk show a weakening trend, and the trend of landscape discretization is becoming more obvious due to the promotion of urbanization expansion. It is necessary to pay attention to the construction of ecological source areas, encourage urban intensive development, and enhance the ability to resist ecological risks.