This chapter employs a feminist perspective to examine the formative period of the Communist Women’s Movement (CWM), an auxiliary organization of the Communist International (or Comintern) in the early 1920s. Analyzing the movement’s internal documents, it investigates the debates among communist women concerning the theory of democracy and their lived experiences of its practice. The chapter centers on the “Guidelines for the Communist Women’s Movement,” drafted at the CWM’s inaugural conferences in 1920 and 1921, which critique “bourgeois democracy” as a deceptive veil for entrenched class rule by property owners. In contrast, the movement posited “real, economic, proletarian democracy” as the essential condition for the complete liberation of women. Through this foundational critique, the study addresses the evolution of diverse viewpoints within the CWM on how citizenship and democracy were linked to women’s emancipation. First, it deconstructs the core binary opposition between ‘proletarian’ and ‘bourgeois’ democracy in the CWM’s discourse. Second, it explores how this theoretical distinction shaped members’ attitudes toward key institutions of capitalist states, namely universal suffrage and parliamentary politics. The final section shifts focus inward to scrutinize the internal practices and mechanisms of democracy within the CWM itself, evaluating the movement’s attempt to instantiate its own revolutionary ideals.