This study investigates the factors influencing electricity consumption at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in industrial parks in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. Data were collected through surveys and on-site assessments at 24 WWTPs to identify key drivers of energy efficiency. The analysis reveals that specific energy consumption (SEC) averages 0.99 kWh/m3, ranging from 0.58 to 1.87 kWh/m3—substantially exceeding the international benchmark of 0.15–0.70 kWh/m3. Higher treatment capacities and greater operational rates relative to design capacity are associated with lower SEC values. A strong correlation is also observed between treatment technology and energy efficiency, with anaerobic–aerobic (AO) activated sludge systems demonstrating the most favorable energy performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes strategic measures to enhance energy efficiency, including optimization of operational loading, technological upgrades, and improved management practices.