The export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been a persistent subject of academic investigation, yet a comprehensive understanding of its determinants remains elusive. Despite numerous empirical and theoretical studies conducted over the years, the existing literature has struggled to develop a holistic model that explicates the complex factors influencing SME export dynamics. This research synthesizes and analyzes studies conducted between 2019 and 2023, using the PRISMA method, to critically examine the evolving landscape of SME export performance. By systematically reviewing recent scholarships, the study aims to identify emerging trends, structural changes, and critical determinants that shape export strategies and outcomes. The investigation delves into the multifaceted nature of export performance, exploring economic, organizational, and contextual variables that contribute to SMEs’ international market engagement. Through a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to bridge existing knowledge gaps and provide a more nuanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms driving SME export success in an increasingly complex global business environment.