Human-robot collaboration in industrial application represents a transformative approach to enhancing manufacturing operations. While existing studies have explored technologies mostly that enable human-robot collaboration, they have largely overlooked the productivity benefits comprehensively, particularly on the manufacturing shop floor through the lens of production resources. Without such an understanding, decision-making becomes fragmented, often neglecting the nuanced interactions between human-robot collaboration and critical resources such as labour, energy, and materials. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing a framework that highlights the productivity benefits of human-robot collaboration through the lens of key production resources. These resources include machinery & devices, labour, capital, energy, utilities & buildings, raw materials, and waste. The applied case study demonstrates that HRC plays a critical role in shaping labour performance (human resources) while also influencing materials and waste management. The study concludes by highlighting the need for future research to expand the scope of HRC’s impact on production resources, emphasizing its broader implications for industrial sustainability.