Private equity (PE) firms have been increasingly prevalent in the healthcare market over the past decade. PE acquisition of healthcare organizations has been met with both approval of increased efficiencies and revenue post-acquisition, and criticism for the revenue-focused nature of these investment partnerships. This chapter examines the relationship between PE firms and healthcare providers and the potential benefits and downsides of PE acquisition. PE’s influence on cost and quality of care is examined through examples of organizations’ metrics before and after PE investment. While some studies indicate that PE has a positive effect on both, others highlight continued concern around the prioritization of profit over the quality-of-care delivery. The chapter concludes that more research is needed in order to understand the long-term effects of private equity acquisition with a wider lens, examining the impact of health providers’ long-term technology and facility development plans, as well as their ability to generate revenue while continuing to provide high-quality care.