The deployment of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems operating at temperatures exceeding 800 °C necessitates the development and implementation of advanced materials that can withstand extreme thermal, mechanical, and chemical stresses. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge materials technologies for high-temperature solar thermal applications, encompassing refractory metals, ultra-high-temperature ceramics, advanced composites, and novel coating systems. We examine the fundamental material property requirements, performance characteristics under operational conditions, and their integration into critical solar thermal subsystems, including receivers, heat exchangers, and thermal energy storage systems. The chapter also addresses emerging material innovations, including nanostructured materials and smart composites, while discussing the challenges of scalability, durability, and cost-effectiveness in commercial deployment.