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The Kramers–Heisenberg–Dirac (KHD) formalism has served the x-ray community well for the first 100+ years of x-ray science and we shall see that it is valid even when the incident x-ray intensity is raised well above the level available at the brightest synchrotron radiation sources. The goal of this chapter is to explore when the KHD perturbation approach ceases to be a good description, and how the basic processes we refer to as x-ray absorption, x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction change in this largely unchartered x-ray territory that has been opened by the advent of XFELs.

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Resonant Non-linear X-Ray Processes in Atoms

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Joachim Stöhr

摘要

The Kramers–Heisenberg–Dirac (KHD) formalism has served the x-ray community well for the first 100+ years of x-ray science and we shall see that it is valid even when the incident x-ray intensity is raised well above the level available at the brightest synchrotron radiation sources. The goal of this chapter is to explore when the KHD perturbation approach ceases to be a good description, and how the basic processes we refer to as x-ray absorption, x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction change in this largely unchartered x-ray territory that has been opened by the advent of XFELs.