This chapter explores the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) in music, tracing its historical roots and examining its contemporary applications and implications. While AI has long been employed in computational musicology and music information retrieval, recent advances have significantly broadened its reach into music creation and production. We begin by situating music as a media form historically shaped by technological disruption and frame AI as the latest marker in this continuum of transformation. A comprehensive overview of AI applications in music follows, including algorithmic composition, assistive production tools, audio generation, and voice synthesis. We critically assess how these innovations are reshaping the music value chain, with particular attention to rights management and economic frameworks. By contextualizing these changes within broader industry dynamics, the chapter highlights the disruptive potential of AI and its capacity to reconfigure creative and economic practices. Concluding with a set of critical questions and future scenarios, we provide a holistic analysis of AI’s multifaceted impact on music, offering insights into both the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for musicians, the music industries, and the AI sector.