The remorseless heightening population growth and their enriching anthropogenic needs is the reason for development of several wastes with mismanagement disposal pattern. Hence the need of the hour is to search for efficient waste processing system. Current research and recent waste management strategies is focusing on the targeted waste minimization, reuse, recycling and remediation methodologies rather than only emphasizing on their disposal management system. Furthermore, need for substitute energy resource should also mitigate the developmental needs with clear candidature of ecologically reliable and economically sustainable one. On this aspect, waste-to-energy protocol is one of the great approaches that utilization of waste by microorganisms to promote the generation of energy. Biological or microbial fuel cell (BFC/MFC) is an efficient and viable technology to achieve more sustainable environment. MFC is used to convert stored energy in form of organic and inorganic compounds by the sequential redox reactions into electrical energy. These microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The only method that can contribute to the resolution of the global warming problem is the use of renewable energy sources. This process not only reduce the amount of secondary sludge production but also remove the secondary toxic pollutants along with nitrogen and phosphorus and also reduce down the biological oxygen demand of municipal waste. They also help in microbial mediated electro synthesis of related by products and can also function as active biosensor for easy detection of pollutants from waste water system from different sources that can be practically a sustainable approach for environmental stability.