This chapter dissects the climate adaptation strategies and planning of maritime transport and supply chains. The study of maritime resilience primarily has its roots on the attention to the mitigation and adaptation to climate change impacts to maritime transport and supply chains. Indeed, maritime transport and supply chains are exposed to the vulnerability of climate change, mainly because of their location, including low-lying areas, coastal zones, and deltas. While there is increasing research on climate adaptation strategies and planning of ports, hitherto, there is a lack of works that explain how scholars address the topic from different theoretical angles. This chapter conducts the discussion from four theoretical angles, namely institutional system, path dependence, supply chain risk management, and stakeholder management. It is a germane reminder to stakeholders that effective climate adaptation is not limited to engineering technicalities but is an ideological issue that requires a fundamental shift in the existing political, economic, and social paradigms.