Assessment drives learning, and it ensures quality and competence among the candidates who pass a professional examination. The different domains of learning are assessed using different tools. The cognitive domain is assessed through written tests using a well-prepared question paper. A good question paper should be reliable, valid and relevant. It should evenly represent the syllabus. It should be unambiguous and discriminate between high and low achievers. The design of the question paper is decided by the regulatory body, like the dental council or the university. Various steps are involved in the preparation of a question paper, including blueprinting, deciding the marking scheme, refining, editing and review. This chapter elaborates on the various steps involved in the making of a reliable, valid and relevant question paper. It also briefly reviews the various types of questions and differentiates one from the other.