The westward expansion of settlers gradually reshaped the landscape of the Southeastern United States. Rural regions, once scattered with sparse buildings, evolved into bustling towns and eventually into thriving cities. This progression facilitated the admission of several states into the Union (i.e., a period of territorial expansion): Tennessee in 1796, Louisiana in 1812, Mississippi in 1817, Alabama in 1819, and Arkansas in 1836. Urban centers emerged rapidly during this time, leading to the establishment of state government buildings, land grant universities, and medical colleges. While medical training was becoming formalized and professional licensing was gradually instituted, early medical practices were largely observational with physicians often undertaking a variety of roles. In rural areas, healthcare was limited and depended heavily on folk remedies or home-based treatments. This chapter offers an interesting historical account of the early practices of rural health.