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Large-volume polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) injections were widely used for breast augmentation in Eastern European countries in the 1990s–early 2000. New attempts to use new PAAS products continue even though PAAG breast augmentation was banned in 2001 in Russia and 2006 in China. Life-threatening severe complications rarely happen. Long-term results showed different side effects and complications, including bumps, gelomas, capsular contracture, mastodynia, gel migration, galactocele, and late infections. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appeared to be the most valuable diagnostic tool. Different polyacrylamide mammary syndrome (PAMS) treatment options and algorithms of their application were proposed. One-stage breast reconstruction with polyurethane implants appeared to give the most stable results for gel replacement.

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Breast Diseases Due to the Injection of Polyacrylamide Modeling Substances—Polyacrylamide Mammary Syndrome: The Russian Experience

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Kirill P. Pshenisnov,
  • Kirill K. Pshenisnov

摘要

Large-volume polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) injections were widely used for breast augmentation in Eastern European countries in the 1990s–early 2000. New attempts to use new PAAS products continue even though PAAG breast augmentation was banned in 2001 in Russia and 2006 in China. Life-threatening severe complications rarely happen. Long-term results showed different side effects and complications, including bumps, gelomas, capsular contracture, mastodynia, gel migration, galactocele, and late infections. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appeared to be the most valuable diagnostic tool. Different polyacrylamide mammary syndrome (PAMS) treatment options and algorithms of their application were proposed. One-stage breast reconstruction with polyurethane implants appeared to give the most stable results for gel replacement.