This chapter explores the concept of South-Centric Cosmopolitanism, a framework first developed in the author’s 2003 dissertation, 2013 book Uno sguardo a Sud, and in La Trecchia (2009, 2018), to reimagine Italian identity through the lens of Naples and the broader Global South. It traces the city’s transformation from a port of emigration to a hub of immigration, highlighting how contemporary migratory flows—particularly from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe—are reshaping its urban fabric and social dynamics. Challenging dominant Eurocentric models of cosmopolitanism, it advocates for a vision rooted in the Global South’s histories and solidarities. Ultimately, it argues that Naples offers a generative space for reimagining a plural, inclusive, and historically grounded vision of Italian identity—one that embraces the contradictions and creative potential of a truly cosmopolitan South.