This chapter critically reinterprets the cultural and social dynamics of Naples through a decolonial lens, arguing for a reconfiguration of the Southern Question within Italian discourse. It examines how literature, public art, and urban narratives challenge dominant spatial and moral geographies that have historically marginalized the South. Drawing on cultural theory, literary analysis, and urban studies, the chapter foregrounds the work of Neapolitan artists and intellectuals who reclaim visibility for subaltern voices and peripheral spaces. It also reflects on the fragile Neapolitan Renaissance of the 1990s, emphasizing civic engagement, and the emergence of a glocal cultural identity. These expressions of artistic production and urban transformation reveal recursive patterns of resistance and reinvention. Ultimately, the chapter calls for a paradigm shift that legitimizes Southern perspectives as central to rethinking national identity, development, and modernity, positioning Naples as a contested terrain where cultural memory and social agency converge.