Olive oil production is influenced by several factors, including but not limited to agricultural practices and environmental conditions. These factors affect various aspects, such as olive maturity, cultivated location (region, altitude, etc.), soil and climatic conditions, growing practices (harvest time, fertilization, irrigation, etc.), and olive oil quality. This has motivated researchers to investigate how these factors impact the quality of olive oil. This chapter explores the impact of ripening, soil, and climate, as well as the variations in cultivars, environment, agricultural practices, and orchard management. We conclude the chapter by highlighting the critical role of water management, a global concern of farming practices.