“Life” is the defining feature of Planet Earth, and “biodiversity”—the variety of all living organisms on Earth—is the key characteristic of life itself. Biodiversity, which serves as an indicator of the stability of the natural environment, consists of a vast range of organic and inorganic compounds and forms the ecosystems that make up the Biosphere (also called the Ecosphere). This diversity is steadily declining and constantly under threat due to human activities—primarily hunting, habitat destruction for the construction of human settlements and infrastructure, agricultural development, the emission of air pollutants, sewage and waste discharge, climate change, and the spread of invasive species. Since the “Industrial Revolution,” and especially since the 1970s, an accelerated mass extinction of numerous species has been occurring. This event, often referred to as the “Sixth Extinction” event, is the first, modern mass extinction caused by human actions. In addition to the species already lost, countless others (including Homo sapiens) are under threat, and many ecosystems have undergone profound (even irreparable) transformations. Altogether, these developments are contributing to a crisis marked by the loss of biological richness, which is becoming a dominant factor threatening the continued existence of Humanity.