Construction plays a pivotal role in global and national economies, acting as both a driver of growth and a reflection of broader macroeconomic cycles. Through the analysis of investment patterns, employment, productivity, and value creation across regions, the study highlights the sector’s interconnectedness with real estate, industry, and infrastructure development. It explores how fiscal policy, public and private investment, and innovation influence construction performance, while also examining cyclical fluctuations and long-term structural trends. By linking economic theory with practical data, the chapter offers insight into how construction both shapes and responds to economic transformation worldwide.