Regulatory Landscape in Green Finance: Global Standards and Local Challenges
摘要
Green finance regulations are essential for aligning climate policies with economic strategies to transition to a sustainable economy. This chapter examines the global convergence of regulatory standards and the local challenges that arise from their implementation. The analysis is based on a database of over 100 national frameworks from 32 economies and uses semantic and institutional network analysis through InfraNodus. The results highlight a high degree of regulatory coherence in developed economies, where financial institutions play a central role, in contrast to emerging economies, which are characterised by fragmentation, declarative discourse and a lack of operational integration. Furthermore, the absence of uniform standards fosters greenwashing and erodes investor confidence. The chapter highlights the importance of digitalisation, clear labelling and inter-institutional cooperation to strengthen the effectiveness of regulations. The conclusion supports the need for global harmonisation of standards, coupled with their adaptation to national institutional specificities, to transform green policies from rhetorical exercises into effective instruments for the green transition.