Climate-Driven Displacement and the Necessity of Green Finance
摘要
This chapter explores the growing role of green finance in addressing climate-induced displacement that is expected to occur and will be increasingly shaped by both sudden-onset disasters and slow-onset environmental degradation. While climate change has long been recognised as a driver for human mobility, financial responses in vulnerable, low-income regions remain fragmented and insufficient. This chapter also surveys the green-finance ecosystem—green bonds and loans, sustainability-linked instruments, risk-transfer mechanisms, and public funds—and identifies persistent gaps, especially the under-provision and limited accessibility of adaptation finance. Through case studies of Fiji and Bangladesh, the chapter shows that sovereign green bonds, climate fiscal frameworks, and central bank-led green lending policies can channel resources to high-risk communities when designs embed human-mobility needs such as relocation or social protection. However, existing climate finance structures fail to sufficiently acknowledge human mobility or reach the most vulnerable communities facing the worst of climate change. Thus, this chapter argues for an integrated policy approach to create a new framework at the intersection of displacement impacts and future endeavours in green finance so that they are both climate-aware and socially responsive and foreground climate justice. Future green financing mechanisms must be more accessible and inclusive to ensure climate adaptation is aligned with the mobility needs of marginalised populations at the forefront of climate change.