This introductory chapter presents and reflects several changes and consequences the third globalization process brought to our societies and political systems. One of them is the shift from “governing” to “multi-level governance,” as a new way of doing politics with the involvement and participation of a variety of public and private actors in several level arenas, coordinating in order to reach agreed decisions. That shift to multi-level governance is rooted in a variety of macro, meso, and micro factors that are presented in the chapter, many of which are shared by a number of political systems in different continents (globalization, again). It is to be demonstrated to what point this convergence will advance and how much each political system and society will maintain its own traditions and traits, beyond shared ones or connections that did not exist in the past. The literature talks nowadays about a backlash against globalization, and the consequences its policies, discourses, strategies, and attitudes (both in collective and individual actors) may have in our political systems. How these processes evolve in the near future will, of course, condition the course of globalization and its effects.