Empowering Kolok Women Through Arts and Economy in Bangkala Village, Bali: Expanding the Participation Space for Deaf Women
摘要
Deaf and mute in Balinese, Kolok women coexist with non-deaf women and use a unique sign language called Kolok Sign Language (KSL) to communicate. The Kolok community in Bengkala uses KSL as their primary sign language, which differs from the sign languages used by other communities across Indonesia. The research focuses on 23 Kolok women in Bengkala village, aged 18–45. Most of them work as artists, dancers, and producers of traditional herbal medicines, and they come from low-income farming families. With an average monthly income of less than 1.5 million rupiahs, the majority live in economically disadvantaged households. They face several challenges, including limited communication skills, illiteracy, low entrepreneurial capacity, disinterest in arts and culture, and a high incidence of early marriage. This study aims to examine the empowerment of deaf women in Bengkala village, Bali. It employs qualitative methods such as observations and interviews, and is grounded in Talcott Parsons’ Structural Functionalism Theory. The interview data were analysed using a thematic approach, involving transcription, theme identification, coding, and interpretation based on Parsons’ theoretical framework. To ensure validity, member checking was used—cross-verifying the interpretations with key informants. The findings reveal that Kolok women are accepted within the Bengkala community, owing to the close relationship between deaf and non-deaf women. Efforts to empower Kolok women are evident in initiatives that promote their rights in the fields of art and the economy, thereby expanding their opportunities for participation.