The purpose of this research study was to design an agro robot platform for timely monitoring and control of weeds, crop diseases, and pests in vegetable fields, and to develop technical and technological solutions and concepts for combating them with precision technology. In this paper presented are key results of the research and development studies on developing a machine vision system for recognizing and identifying the main plants based on their morphological parameters, including vegetable leaf color appearance. Using the MATLAB program, based on the CNN method, machine training process results were received and the reliability of recognizing the main crops of the field, from weeds growing in the field and plants damaged by the disease, by their shape and external color changes was high enough (0.98–1.0). A robot guidance system is developed, including a main sensor system based on a specialized GPS receiver providing position information, a camera system image before the robot that allows precise entry robot between the rows of plants and to correct and proper movement of the robot in the vegetable field, cameras image immediately before the sprayer. Units of the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) are used to determine the angular acceleration of an agro robot platform. In this way, a concept for designing a multifunctional agro robot platform for precise control of weeds in vegetable fields is developed and formulated. The robot platform consists of the main component modules, such as a carrier or chassis, which are the main parts for assembling and placing the components and mechanisms on the robot platform. The structure of the carrier or chassis is designed based on the necessary calculations and studies, depending on the functions and working conditions. It is designed to be able to move freely along the path of potatoes and vegetables without damaging the main crop, and to be able to work in different field conditions.