This chapter examines the space exploration efforts of Africa’s two leading regional powers—Nigeria and South Africa—within the context of persistent global Afro-pessimism, which continues to portray the continent as scientifically and technologically backward. Challenging this perception, both countries have emerged as key players in Africa’s growing space sector. Alongside Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria, they were among the first to establish space agencies and policies. Nigeria and South Africa account for a significant share of Africa’s satellite launches, with Nigeria having the most institutionalised space programme and South Africa leading in industrialised satellite production. The chapter examines their space policies, legal and institutional frameworks, satellite composition and capabilities, and how their space initiatives contribute to Africa’s development. It highlights their different approaches: South Africa’s focus on local satellite manufacturing, though with shorter orbital lifespans, and Nigeria’s reliance on international partners, resulting in longer-lasting satellites. Despite these differences and ongoing challenges, both countries have shown resilience and innovation, solidifying their status as regional powers. Their progress in space technology not only redefines Africa’s scientific capabilities but also offers lessons in collaboration and strategic development.