The October 7, 2023 Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel and the subsequent military actions by Israel in Gaza provoked substantial conflict within the Democratic Party. Although most American Jews vote for Democrats, many interest groups and donors supportive of Israel have come into conflict with progressive Democratic legislators in recent years. Even before 2023, some of these organizations had been active in Democratic congressional primaries. Many of the Democrats most supportive of a ceasefire in Gaza faced primary opponents in 2024, and open seat House races in some heavily Democratic districts featured conflict between groups with opposing stances on the Gaza conflict. This chapter explores the funding and dynamics of these primary elections, compares these challenges to past primary conflicts in both parties over other world events and military actions, and discusses what these primary challenges can tell us about the Democratic Party.