The concept of a circular bioeconomy is an established theory of natural resources economics. The principles of a circular bioeconomy are aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and focus on valorizing cascading values of materials extracted from the biosphere, reducing wastes, and returning carbon and other nutrients to the biosphere after use. Practices to achieve these outcomes include regenerative agricultural production, food waste reduction, and nutrient recovery. Current economic policies do not support these outcomes. The European Commission initiated the European Bioeconomy Policy to transition the European economy into a circular bioeconomy by 2050. The trade requirements for goods entering the European economy will impact production of bioproducts around the world.