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Antarctica is one of the most remote and unknown areas on the planet, which hosts a significant adapted microbiota, represented by archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microeukaryotic communities. Genomics is a great ally in generating information and understanding the taxonomic diversity of Antarctic microorganisms. Approaches involving ribosomal gene metabarcoding, metagenomes, shotgun, and single-cells are genomic techniques that have made it possible to access, infer, and understand the prevalent groups and their ecological, adaptive, and biotechnological significance within this polar environment. Thus, this review aimed to gather recent studies that, using genomic methods, revealed updates in the taxonomy, ecology, adaptation, and applications of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the Antarctic ecosystem.

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Insights into the Diversity, Adaptations, and Ecological Function of Antarctic Microorganisms Provided by Genomics

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mayanne Karla da Silva,
  • Leonardo da Silva Santos,
  • Crísthian Phellipe Santos Lima,
  • Averlane Vieira da Silva,
  • João Pedro Ferreira Nunes,
  • Luiz Henrique Rosa,
  • Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte

摘要

Antarctica is one of the most remote and unknown areas on the planet, which hosts a significant adapted microbiota, represented by archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microeukaryotic communities. Genomics is a great ally in generating information and understanding the taxonomic diversity of Antarctic microorganisms. Approaches involving ribosomal gene metabarcoding, metagenomes, shotgun, and single-cells are genomic techniques that have made it possible to access, infer, and understand the prevalent groups and their ecological, adaptive, and biotechnological significance within this polar environment. Thus, this review aimed to gather recent studies that, using genomic methods, revealed updates in the taxonomy, ecology, adaptation, and applications of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the Antarctic ecosystem.