Liver transplantation is a life-saving treatment for many chronic liver diseases. Emergence of cancer in liver transplant recipients is one of the most important complications that impacts patient mortality. The risk of de novo malignancy (DNM) in LT recipients is 2–7 times higher than in the general population. Risk factors for DNM in LT recipients include older age, male gender, white race, underlying conditions such as alcohol-related liver disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and the use of immunosuppressants like calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporin A, Tacrolimus), Azathioprine, and steroids. Preventive measures targeting modifiable risk factors, along with cost-effective cancer screening programs, help reduce the risk of DNM and its associated mortality among LT recipients. While the incidence of some cancers (e.g., bladder, prostate, breast) is similar to that of the general population, others, such as skin cancers and non-skin cancers (including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, lung cancer in high-risk populations, and colorectal cancer in those with IBD or PSC), require tailored screening strategies. Treatment options for LT recipients with DNM vary by cancer type and may include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Optimizing anti-cancer therapy and immunosuppression is crucial to achieve curative outcomes while minimizing the risk of graft rejection.