This chapter takes a macroeconomic view of the emerging supply chains centered around AI technologies. It examines how advancements in AI are reconfiguring global trade flows, industrial policies, and markets for critical inputs. In particular, the chapter discusses shifts in international trade patterns as countries compete to produce and procure AI-related goods like semiconductors and data center equipment, including the impact of export controls and investment trends on these flows. It also explores how governments are developing industrial policies (such as subsidies, alliances, and regulations) to build domestic AI capabilities and secure access to key technologies, reshaping the landscape of global supply networks. Additionally, the chapter analyzes the growing strategic importance of critical resources needed for AI—from rare earth minerals and specialized chips to the skilled labor required to develop AI systems—and how increased demand is affecting their supply and pricing. Through this economic lens, the chapter provides insight into how AI technology deployment is influencing broader economic factors like supply chain resilience, national competitiveness, and geopolitical dynamics. By understanding these trends, readers gain a perspective on the larger-scale supply chain implications of AI beyond the firm level, including the potential for both collaboration and conflict in the global race to harness AI’s benefits.