Artificial intelligence is transforming supply chains by automating routine tasks, augmenting human decision-making, and enabling new forms of decentralized and autonomous operations. This chapter explores four core themes: the expansion of AI-powered automation across supply chain nodes; the redesign of human–machine collaboration; emerging challenges in privacy, governance, and explainability; and the future role of agentic AI in coordinating complex, distributed networks. We examine how AI integrates with blockchain, IoT, and robotics to optimize responsiveness and efficiency, while raising new questions about transparency, interpretability, and the need for ethical oversight. Drawing on both academic research and industry pilots, the chapter offers a forward-looking roadmap for scholars and practitioners to navigate the opportunities and risks associated with AI-powered supply chain automation.