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In this chapter, we will explore how genetics aids scientists in understanding human origins through the analysis of human DNA. Our focus will be on two parts of the genome that do not recombine: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited from the mother, and the Y-chromosome, which is passed down from the father. We will explain how researchers trace lineages back to a single matrilineal ancestor, known as Mitochondrial Eve (mt-Eve), and a single patrilineal ancestor, referred to as Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-Adam). Additionally, we will introduce the concept of the molecular clock, which allows us to reconstruct the migratory routes of our ancestors across the globe.

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Out of Africa

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Barbora Trubenová,
  • Himani Sachdeva,
  • Kristína Hudáková

摘要

In this chapter, we will explore how genetics aids scientists in understanding human origins through the analysis of human DNA. Our focus will be on two parts of the genome that do not recombine: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited from the mother, and the Y-chromosome, which is passed down from the father. We will explain how researchers trace lineages back to a single matrilineal ancestor, known as Mitochondrial Eve (mt-Eve), and a single patrilineal ancestor, referred to as Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-Adam). Additionally, we will introduce the concept of the molecular clock, which allows us to reconstruct the migratory routes of our ancestors across the globe.