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This chapter explores the genes and their origins, beginning with an overview of gene structure and the basics of gene expression. We introduce key concepts such as homologous genes and explore the significance of gene duplications. We discuss various mechanisms of gene emergence, including whole-genome duplication, retroduplication and horizontal gene transfer. We place particular emphasis on de novo genes, examining the mechanisms through which entirely new genes can arise from previously noncoding sequences. On examples from fruit flies and humans, we illustrate how de novo genes can influence adaptation and drive the emergence of new traits.

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The Exciting World of Genes and Their Origin

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Katarína Juríková,
  • Kristína Hudáková

摘要

This chapter explores the genes and their origins, beginning with an overview of gene structure and the basics of gene expression. We introduce key concepts such as homologous genes and explore the significance of gene duplications. We discuss various mechanisms of gene emergence, including whole-genome duplication, retroduplication and horizontal gene transfer. We place particular emphasis on de novo genes, examining the mechanisms through which entirely new genes can arise from previously noncoding sequences. On examples from fruit flies and humans, we illustrate how de novo genes can influence adaptation and drive the emergence of new traits.