The first chapter delves into Open Science, exploring the origins of foundational approaches, concepts, and principles that advocate for inclusion, quality, transparency and collaboration in research. The chapter emphasises key principles such as collaboration and sharing, which are crucial for advancing Open Science. In the OS landscape, Research Infrastructures are a crucial axis. The role of research infrastructures is here highlighted, considering their enabling and facilitating function for the adoption of Open Science practices. RIs are fundamental for defining the European Open Science Cloud, the large overarching framework within which the European Commission has been building the European Research Area for the past 10 years. In particular, Social Sciences data and open panel data can play a crucial role in conducting the multidisciplinary, multilingual and inclusive research needed to respond to today’s challenges.