This paper presents an experimental study aimed at evaluating the hygroscopic behavior of wood for potential application in adaptive façade shading systems. Due to its intrinsic ability to absorb and release moisture, wood offers promising prospects for biomimetic designs inspired by the actuation mechanisms observed in conifer cones. A series of five experiments were conducted in a controlled climatic chamber, systematically varying humidity between 30% and 70% relative humidity. Each test built upon the previous, enabling the progressive refinement of test parameters. The deformation of wood samples was monitored in real-time, with results showing a strong linear correlation (correlation coefficient >0.85) between relative humidity variations and angular deformation. The experimental data revealed that a 1% change in relative humidity induces approximately a 1.1° angular deformation. Furthermore, during constant humidity phases, the deformation remained stable, confirming the material’s suitability for passive adaptive applications. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for integrating wood into dynamic building skins, supporting future modeling efforts and energy simulations. This methodology overcomes current mechanical complexity, enabling the design of sustainable, low-energy façades capable of enhancing both thermal comfort and aesthetic quality while addressing climate change challenges.

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Experimental Investigation of Wood’s Hygroscopic Behavior for Adaptive Shading Systems in Building Façades

  • Daniele Borraccino,
  • Ludovica Maria Campagna,
  • Francesco Carlucci,
  • Gianluca Ranzi,
  • Francesco Fiorito

摘要

This paper presents an experimental study aimed at evaluating the hygroscopic behavior of wood for potential application in adaptive façade shading systems. Due to its intrinsic ability to absorb and release moisture, wood offers promising prospects for biomimetic designs inspired by the actuation mechanisms observed in conifer cones. A series of five experiments were conducted in a controlled climatic chamber, systematically varying humidity between 30% and 70% relative humidity. Each test built upon the previous, enabling the progressive refinement of test parameters. The deformation of wood samples was monitored in real-time, with results showing a strong linear correlation (correlation coefficient >0.85) between relative humidity variations and angular deformation. The experimental data revealed that a 1% change in relative humidity induces approximately a 1.1° angular deformation. Furthermore, during constant humidity phases, the deformation remained stable, confirming the material’s suitability for passive adaptive applications. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for integrating wood into dynamic building skins, supporting future modeling efforts and energy simulations. This methodology overcomes current mechanical complexity, enabling the design of sustainable, low-energy façades capable of enhancing both thermal comfort and aesthetic quality while addressing climate change challenges.