Nowadays, a wide range of construction systems and envelope elements optimized for residential buildings is available. However, the selection among these solutions is rarely based on long-term environmental impact assessments. In this context, the initial assumptions regarding material durability and maintenance operations throughout the building’s lifespan become fundamental in determining the final outcomes. For these reasons, this article analyzes a representative sample of twelve wall envelope configurations, including six from heavyweight construction systems (reinforced concrete frame) and six from lightweight construction systems (three with steel frames and three with CLT). The aim is to assess the impact of service life on the life cycle assessment and identify the least impactful solutions in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP). To achieve this objective, four service life scenarios are considered for each configuration, representing standard, low, medium, and high maintenance levels for external layers over time, in order to determine variations in environmental impacts. The study’s results highlight that, in the short/medium term (50 years), the variation in GWP impacts between heavyweight and lightweight construction systems remains limited due to reduced maintenance needs resulting from higher durability. In the long term (100 years), the use phase and maintenance operations become central in determining overall environmental impacts. Consequently, construction systems that require fewer re-placements emerge as the most sustainable solutions.