Embracing the Past in Order to Celebrate the Future: Multiculturalism in Aawambo and Vakavango People’s Fashion in Namibia as Expressions of Intercultural Intertwinements
摘要
This chapter employs trickle-up, trickle-down, and trickle-across theories to analyse how pre-colonial clothing inspires contemporary Namibian fashion, focusing on multicultural exchanges between Aawambo and VaKavango communities. Using trickle-up and trickle-across theories (Callery. The acceleration of the fashion trend cycle through social media, 2023; Crane. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 566, 13–24, 1999; Kodžoman. Tekstil, 72(4), 2023; Mbumbwa and Chigada. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 30(4), 559–576, 2018), it argues that odelela/nderera fabric exemplifies subcultural innovation becoming mainstream cultural capital. Designer interviews and garment analysis reveal that hybrid aesthetics celebrate intercultural identity while resisting colonial erasure. It is connected to broader questions of fashion that are based on a multicultural approach and setting trends that implement each culture, and specifically on shared cultural elements between the two groups, the Aawambo and VaKavango people, that are highly visible in the dress. The Aawambo people reside in the four “O” (Oshikoto, Oshana, Ohangwena, and Omusati) regions in northern central Namibia, while the VaKavango live in the Kavango East and Kavango West regions. The clothing style and fashion sense of many Namibian contemporary fashion designers are influenced by the indigenous dress practice. This chapter explores creative contemporary designs that encompass Odelela/nderera fabric for both Aawambo and VaKavango people. Pre-colonial influences on contemporary fashion had been dictated by different factors such as climate and availability of materials. Reference is made to Namibian fashion designers who have made traditional clothing with a modern twist by using pre-colonial clothing as an inspiration for creating groundbreaking designs that highlight the value of indigenous dressing. Many designers have placed emphasis on elements of odelela/nderera fabric in their designs, which feature layers inspired by the pre-colonial times. These Namibian fashion designers’ works have been featured in several exhibitions, such as Fashions of Southern Africa at Kent State University in 2016. Moreover, Namibian fashion designers are part of a bigger movement in African fashion, which is unique in conception and intertwined with heritage. This chapter takes a key interest in analysing documents and literature on Africa and Namibian traditional dress. It made use of in-depth semi-structured interviews with contemporary fashion designers as well as community elders who know traditional dress and ornaments as comparative elements from both Aawambo and VaKavango people. This will be combined with a clothing analysis from actual garments that are made by fashion designers who are inspired by traditional dress. This chapter concludes that adopting cultural variations into designs is popular amongst Aawambo and VaKavango designers, as there is a huge market for fashion that embraces both modern and traditional elements. It further argues that fashion is embodied within each individual ethnic culture, which means that when an average Owambo or Kavango person wears a piece of clothing that is influenced by their culture, they then carry a piece of their culture with them.