This chapter examines the revival of dialectics in the intellectual landscape of the post-Cold War era, presenting it as a challenge to Francis Fukuyama’s ‘end of history’ thesis. While Fukuyama proclaimed the ultimate triumph of liberal democracy, the persistent prevalence of crises, conflicts and wars across the globe challenges any linear, conflict-free conception of historical development. In contrast to reductionist and empiricist ‘paradigms’, dialectics has re-emerged as a critical methodological perspective, gaining traction across various scientific disciplines. The discussion highlights the importance of revisiting of the rich history of dialectics, which can enhance our understanding of and responses to the multiple challenges facing contemporary society and science. Furthermore, the chapter asserts that the substantial development of dialectics—both as an advanced mode of thought and as a dynamic method—is essential for navigating the rapidly evolving and increasingly complex global landscape.